Josephson Junction

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The 20^th century saw many developments in the field of electronics because of basically two reasons

1. The development of transistors, which forms the basics of everything that is electronics.

2. The development of IC, which helped in the fabrication of fast, compact & sophisticated electronic circuits.

In the 21^st century we are going to see some radical changes in the approach towards electronics. These are :

1. The replacement of semiconducting devices with superconducting devices.

2. The use of new classical theories in physics like the relative physics & quantum mechanics to explain various phenomenon, application & working of electronic devices.

The first step to integrate the previously separate branches, electronics &super conductivity was done by the scientist called Brian Josephson by the invention of the JJ in the year 1962 for which he received the Nobel prize in the year 1973.

The analysis of the device is impossible using classical theories of physics. The device has immense potential & numerous applications in almost all fields of applied electronics.

The Josephson Junction

The Josephson junction (JJ) is basically an insulator sandwitched between the two semiconductor layers. Hence the device is also called as a SIS (Superconductor-Insulator-superconductor). A tunneling phenomenon called Josephson tunneling takes place through the insulator when the thickness of the insulator is very thin (less than 1.5 nm) and the insulator turns into a superconductor due to the tunneling of charge carriers from the 1^st to the 2^nd super conductor; through the insulator.

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