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Download Full Article a-new-dimension-of-data-security-using-neural-networks-and

Data hiding, embeds data into digital media for the purpose of identification, annotation, and copyright. New possibilities of digital imaging and data hiding open wide prospects in modern imaging science, content management and secure communications. Our objective is to hide large volumes of data in the host, in a manner that causes minimal perceptual distortion, and is robust to survive benign and malicious attacks, and make sure to hide as much information as possible into the host. In this paper we identify the prospects of the hidden information being detected and introduce a new approach for hiding any text without any embedding, by the method of Multiple key functions and Newton Forward Difference Technique so that it passes unnoticed by the existing stochastic detection techniques. By this approach, the size of the data that can be hidden will be larger than all the size that all the existing techniques support. This approach derives a polynomial function that generates the bit position in the host where the data bits matches with the host bits. Since the approach uses the original bits of the host to hide the data, the conventional embedding is not done and so the host does not undergo any perceptual degradation and thus escapes all the existing stochastic detection techniques.

2. Introduction :

New possibilities of digital imaging and data hiding open wide prospects in modern imaging science, content management and secure communications. However, despite the obvious advantages of digital data hiding technologies and their current progress, these developments carry inherent risks such as copyright violation, unauthorized prohibited usage and distribution of digital media, secret communications and network security violations.

Although the issues of robustness, visibility and capacity of digital data hiding technologies have received a lot of attention, their security aspect still remains an open and little studied problem. The security requirement is closely related to the stochastic visibility and unauthorized detection of hidden information and requires both new and careful study.

New information-theoretic methods for blind stochastic detection of hidden data should be investigated. This aspect will have a great impact on robust digital watermarking, steganography,integrity control and tamper proofing (possibly even without embedded hidden data) and Internet/network security.

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Download Full Article multiple-domain-orientation-e28093-a-theoretical-proposal-fo

Due to the omnipresent nature of computers, the necessity for an efficient and larger storage has been drastically on the rise. The more the complex the system is, the more the storage requirements become. Hard disks have a major role in satisfying the needs of the computer users. Since storage density of hard disk is increasing at rate of 60% per year [1] and is approaching its atomic level saturation, there is a need for adapting some other technique to make maximum utilization of the available space. With not many solutions in hand, this paper is a novel approach. The basis of this idea is that when an external magnetic field is applied to an Elongated Single Domain (ESD), the domains get oriented in the direction of the external field. This specific property can account for the existence of more than two states. The domains are oriented in different directions each representing a new state unlike the conventional hard disks where only two directions are made use of. Thus each individual bit field* of the memory is capable of representing more than one state thus allowing octal, decimal, hexadecimal etc. representations instead of binary representation. The merits and demerits of this technology have also been discussed.

Introduction:

In the today’s cyber world, we are largely dependent on computers. With the advancement of technology and complexity of computers, the need for massive storage is mandatory. Hard disks have been a major storage media for the past several years. Hard disks continue to shrink in size, gain increased storage capacity and increased transfer speeds. The focus of development has been on increasing the density. But this may ultimately lead to saturation to atomic levels one day. Hence in this paper, on the basis of domain theory, different states have been given to an individual bit field making it possible to store more information on a single bit field without modifying its density.

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Download Full Article computerized-paper-evaluation-using-neural-network-a-ne

This paper addresses the issue of exam paper evaluation using neural network. This paper foresees the possibility of using adaptive real time learning through computers viz. the student is made to feed his answers in a restricted format to the computer to the questions it puts up and the answers are evaluated instantaneously. This is accomplished by connecting the computers to a Knowledge Server. This server has actually connections to various authenticated servers (encyclopedias) that contain valid information about all the subjects. The information in the server is organized in a specific manner. The exam is adaptive in the sense that the computer asks distinct questions to each individual depending upon their specialization. This paper also analyzes the role of existing neural network models like Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART), Back Propagation, Perceptron, Self-Organizing Feature Map (SOFM) can be optimized to implement such an evaluation system.

1. Introduction:

Computers have revolutionized the field of education. The rise of internet has made computers a real knowledge bank providing distant education, corporate access etc. But the task of computers in education can be comprehensive only when the evaluation system is also computerized. The real assessment of students lies in the proper evaluation of their papers. Conventional paper evaluation leaves the student at the mercy of the teachers. Lady luck plays a major role in this current system of evaluation. Also the students don’t get sufficient opportunities to express their knowledge. Instead they are made to regurgitate the stuff they had learnt in their respective text books. This hinders their creativity to a great extent. Also a great deal of money and time is wasted. The progress of distance education has also been hampered by the non-availability of a computerized evaluation system. This paper addresses how these striking deficiencies in the educational system can be removed.

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Download Full Article image-authentication-a-few-approaches-using-digital-wate

You thought images that you pick up are all yours? Think again, they may be secure enough with a Watermark that could be very well traced down.

A digital Watermark is a digital signal or pattern inserted into a digital image. Since this signal or pattern is present in each unaltered copy of the original image, the digital Watermark may also serve as a digital signature for the copies. The desirable characteristics of a Watermark are

· Watermark should be resilient to standard manipulations of any nature.

· It should be statistically irremovable

Every Watermarking system consists at least two different parts:

· Watermark Embedding Unit

· Watermark Detection and Extraction Unit

In this paper, we discuss an algorithm for embedding and detecting the Watermark in a still image. A robust, secure, invisible Watermark is imprinted on the image I, and the Watermarked image WI, is distributed. The author keeps the original image I. To prove that an image WI’ or a portion of it has been pirated, the author shows that W’ contains his Watermark (to this purpose, he could but does not have to use his original image I). The best a pirate can do is to try to remove the original W Watermark (which is impossible if the Watermark is secure).

There can be another way out for the pirate, as to embed his signature in the image. But this does not help him too much because both his “original” and his Watermarked Image will contain the author’s Watermark (due to robustness property), while the author can present an image without pirate’s Watermark. Thus, the ownership of the image can be resolved in the court of law.

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Download Full Article data-security-in-local-network-using-distributed-firewall

Computers and Networking have become inseparable by now. A number of confidential transactions occur every second and today computers are used mostly for transmission rather than processing of data. So Network Security is needed to prevent hacking of data and to provide authenticated data transfer. Network Security can be achieved by Firewall. Conventional firewalls rely on the notions of restricted topology and controlled entry points to function. Restricting the network topology, difficulty in filtering of certain protocols, End-to-End encryption problems and few more problems lead to the evolution of Distributed Firewalls.

A distributed firewall is a mechanism to enforce a network domain security policy through the use of a policy language, a policy distribution scheme enabling policy control from a central point and certificates, enabling the identification of any member of the network policy domain.

Distributed firewalls secure the network by protecting critical network endpoints, exactly where hackers want to penetrate. It filters traffic from both the Internet and the internal network because the most destructive and costly hacking attacks still originate from within the organization.They provide virtually unlimited scalability. In addition, they overcome the singlepoint-of-failure problem presented by the perimeter firewall.

In our paper we deal with distributed firewall concepts, its evolution, its components, policies and a sample of the designed policy along with implementation. A distributed firewall gives complete security to the network.

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